通过实地调查取样,分析了辽宁省铁岭柴河铅锌尾矿库内受尾矿污染的土壤重金属含量,以及生长于其上的9种植物对Cu、Cd、Pb和Zn的吸收和富集能力。结果表明,Zn在小叶杨和刺玫蔷薇体内的含量较高;Cd在小叶杨和白莲蒿体内积累较多;而Pb在绣球绣线菊和华北蓝盆花中积累较多。但各种植物对重金属的富集能力均未达到超富集植物的要求,需采取综合农艺措施进行铅锌尾矿库污染土壤的植物修复重建工作。

Soil microbial features on Chai-He Zinc-lead Mine wasteland and non-mine soils were studied.The results showed that soil micoflora changed obviously and total of major soil microbes declined.The amount of microbe decreased by 83.03 %～93.65 % in top soil(0～20 cm) compared with that of the non-mine soils.Mine soils possessed obviously different microbial features higher in microbial basal respiration strength,and microbial ecophysiological Cmic/Corg and qCO2,but lower in micobial biomass compared with the control.All of these might lead to the impairment of turnover and cycle velocity of C,N nutrition element in mine-soils.It's one major problem which should be solved in the procession of reclaimed mine-soil.

The soil environment quality of woodland with different parentmaterials( limestone, dolomite limestone, limestoneshale, dolomite, limestone sand inclusion shale) in Kasta mountain area was assessed with Analytic Hierarchy Process andPrincipal Component Analysis methods. The results indicated that the soil fertility quality of the soil developed from limestone shale was the best, and the soil developed from dolomite limestone was the worst. The soil developed from limestoneshale showed the best heavy metals quality, and the soil developed from dolomite was the worst. The soil developed fromlimestone shale had the best stand condition quality, and the soil developed from limestone sand inclusion shale was theworst. The results also showed that the order of the soil environment quality was: limestone shale > limestone > dolomitelimestone > dolomite > limestone sand inclusion shale.

根据年均降水量,分别在乌兰布和沙漠东北缘(内蒙古磴口,年均降水145 mm)和巴丹吉林沙漠东南缘(甘肃民勤,年均降水115 mm)对天然白刺灌丛进行不同梯度的增雨实验(年均降水量的0%、25%、50%、75%、100%)。结果表明:增雨的比例越大,白刺形态特征的变化越明显;100%增雨对磴口和民勤白刺形态特征的影响最明显,能够显著增加白刺标记枝的长度、直径和干质量,但是对成熟叶片和新叶片数的影响不显著;增雨还显著增加了9月磴口和民勤白刺枝叶的干质量和鲜质量;在较干旱的民勤地区,较大的增雨量才能促进白刺枝条生长;50%增雨即可促进夏末磴口白刺枝条生物量增加,75%增雨才能促进夏末民勤白刺枝条生物量增加。

在乌兰布和沙漠东缘即内蒙古磴口县,利用Li-6400xt便携式光合测定系统分析仪测定不同增雨处理(4个增雨处理的增雨量分别是当地年降水量的25%、50%、75%和100%)条件下,典型荒漠植物白刺的光响应曲线,采用非直角双曲线模型对曲线进行拟合,计算最大净光合速率(Amax)、表观量子效率(AQY)、暗呼吸速率(Rd)、光补偿点(LCP)以及光饱和点(LSP)等生理参数,研究白刺光合生理特性对人工模拟增雨的响应。结果表明:对照的Amax、AQY、Rd、LCP和LSP分别为13.41 μmol·m-2·s-1、0.029 mol·mol-1、0.61 μmol·m-2·s-1、20.63 μmol·m-2·s-1和481.85 μmol·m-2·s-1。增雨使白刺的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、Amax、AQY和Rd升高,使水分利用效率(WUE)降低。增雨处理在一定程度上改变白刺的光合生理特性,提高白刺的光合生产能力。对胞间CO2浓度和气孔限制值的变化分析表明:气孔因素是限制光饱和阶段光合速率的主要因素。

为研究荒漠植物气孔性状对气候变化的响应以及对植物固碳能力的影响,根据内蒙古磴口多年平均降水量和植物生长规律,设计2个增雨时段(生长季前期与后期),每个时段设计2个增雨梯度(50%与100%),对天然白刺灌丛进行增雨实验,利用数码图像显微镜处理系统,研究叶片气孔大小、气孔密度及气孔导度等气孔性状对增雨的响应。结果表明:与对照相比,各增雨处理可以增加气孔长度、宽度与气孔导度,但孔密度减小,且叶片下表皮密度大于上表皮。相同增雨季节,100%处理对气孔大小、气孔密度及气孔导度的影响均高于50%处理,2个梯度间差异不显著;气孔大小与气孔导度对生长季前期增雨响应更敏感,气孔密度对不同生长季节增雨响应不明显;气孔性状之间存在一定的协调性。在未来降雨增加的条件下,荒漠植物可以通过改变气孔性状(扩大气孔)通路来提高固碳能力。